Part Four of a Five Part Series
By Matthew Tingey, Lending Manager, American United Family of Credit Unions
In this modern age, your credit report and credit score, are really your reputation. It tells businesses whether they can trust you, and affects how much you’ll pay for services. Therefore, it’s extremely important that you know how to protect your credit.
If this feels like déjà vu, don’t be surprised, much of what we’ve covered in the previous articles applies here too.
The best way you can keep your credit score from decreasing is to pay all your bills and pay them on time, keep your balances low, and keep your credit diversified.
Surprisingly, many consumers consistently pay their bills late, thinking that as long as they don’t go over 30 days past due, they’ll be okay. And although this is strictly true, it’s not recommended. That period of time during which a debt is late, but isn’t late enough to reflect on your credit report should be considered a security back-up, not the normal. If for example, you were to accidentally forget to pay a bill for several weeks; if you regularly pay before the due date, you have several weeks of cushion before the delinquency has a negative effect on your credit. However, if you regularly pay 2 or 3 weeks late, you may exceed 30 days late before you notice your mistake. It’s important to remember that when you sign a contact indicating a payment is due by a certain date, even if it won’t negatively affect your credit until 30 days after that date, many states allow lenders to collect that debt well before the 30 days occur; and many debts include severe penalties for delinquency such as late fees, reduced services or increased interest rates. Ultimately, the best practice is to always pay on time. And you don’t have to pay on the due date, you can always pay a few days or weeks early (although some organizations won’t allow payments months in advance, either counting them as extra payments or refusing to accept them at all).
As mentioned in the previous articles, having high balances on accounts, particularly revolving accounts such as credit cards, can negatively affect your credit score, even if you are making your payments on time. Lenders want to see you using credit cards, but they want to see you using them wisely. Keeping cards maxed out, or never using cards can both have a negative effect on your credit score. Fortunately, if you’ve already reduced your credit score due to either of these issues, they’re both relatively easy to recover from.
Keeping your credit diversified is also a good way to protect your credit score. Lenders want to see that you utilize all types of credit, so using a diverse mix of installment loans such as vehicle loans, mortgage loans, and revolving credit can have a positive impact on your credit. Whereas, focusing too specifically on one type can have a negative impact.
Many times we see individuals who in an attempt to save money, have reduced or eliminated the credit they have borrowed, and closed out accounts. Although this can save a considerable amounts of money, over the long-run it can reduce or even eliminate your credit score. This can make it extremely difficult to gain credit when you may need it the most.
There are ways to reduce or eliminate the cost of credit without eliminating the use of credit entirely. For example, by using credit cards for purchases no greater than what you can pay each month, and then paying the card in full as soon as you receive the statement, in most cases will eliminate paying interest for the card (however, be sure to check your card agreement, some credit cards don’t have these interest grace periods, or have minimum interest charges or annual fees). Also, when you get installment debt, choosing a shorter repayment term and higher payment will sometimes result in a lower interest rate, and always results in a lower amount of interest paid over the life of the loan.
In addition to protecting your credit from reduced scores, it’s equally important to protect your credit from identity theft. Unfortunately, identity theft is the fastest growing crime in the United States, and it can happen to even the most careful of us. But there are some steps we can take to protect ourselves.
First, you should monitor your credit on a regular basis. The Fair Credit Reporting Act requires that the three major credit bureaus provide all consumers with their credit report for free once per year. Visit www.annualcreditreport.com to access yours.
Second, use caution when providing personal or account information with organizations. When it is an organization you know and trust, a reasonable amount of information is acceptable (such as providing the last-4 of your social when calling the credit union) and is even necessary to protect you, but when it’s an organization you don’t know or trust, use extreme cautious.
Third, no legitimate organization will ever call or email you asking for you to provide secure information such as social security number or account numbers. If an organization you have a relationship is contacting you for some reason, they’ll be able to provide you with a good explanation of why they’re contacting you and will only request enough information to verify they are communicating with the right party.
Fourth, remember, if it sounds too good to be true, it probably is. There are hundreds of scams designed to take advantage of desperate individuals, and in this economy they are flourishing. Anything asking for you to put your own money on the line for some future payout is taking advantage of you. Legitimate organizations do not work like that.
Fifth, consider why someone is requesting this information. Try to put yourself in their shoes. There are dozens of legitimate reasons organizations request personal information from you, but if it doesn’t seem like the requested information is needed for the stated purpose, you should question it.
Sixth, read and review all account statements. Never just throw them away. Most lenders will only allow disputes for a certain period of time, so failing to report fraudulent activity is just as good as claiming responsibility for it.
Finally, there are a lot of automated systems which exist to make our lives easier, and online shopping and ATMs are typically some of the safest tools available, but there are some concerns with these systems. When using ATMs and similar devices, examine the machine before using it, if something looks suspicious or out of place, report the concern and don’t use the machine. When conducting business online, make sure you only give your information to trusted websites, which you navigated to directly (such as typing in the address instead of clicking a link in an email), and which are secure (look for https instead of http in the address and an image of a lock on your web browser).
Ultimately, if you worry that your identity may have been stolen, immediately contact all your lenders. They will have guidance how to proceed based on what information you believe may have been compromised. Place a fraud alert on your credit report (you can do this through any of the credit bureau’s websites, and they’ll usually submit it to the other bureaus for you). Review the FTC and Credit Bureau websites (see end of the article for address) as they will have additional advice and recommended steps to take.
Repairing credit which has been damaged by identity theft can be a difficult process, but recent legislation has improved the results that consumers can expect to achieve.
The best solution is vigilance. If you keep track of your accounts, the transactions on those accounts, and your credit report, you are more likely to catch problems before they happen or while they are still small.
In the final article we will discuss ways to improve your credit and prepare for those large purchases.
Much of the information for this series of articles came from www.myFICO.com.
If you’d like additional information, there are many resources available, including the credit bureau’s websites, www.experian.com, www.transunion.com, www.equifax.com; the Fair Isaac Corporation’s website, www.myFICO.com; and the Federal Trade Commission’s Bureau of Consumer Protection website, http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/menus/consumer/credit.shtm.